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Presentation comparison
Emergency2 of 7 diagnoses compared
| CriteriaComparison detail | Bipolar maniaEmergency |
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Subjective bodily torment and urge to move dominate. Mood or psychosis may be absent.
Clinical reference — not validated decision support. Review before use.
| DeliriumEmergency |
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| AkathisiaEmergencyNot selected |
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| Acute psychosisEmergencyNot selected |
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| Stimulant intoxicationEmergencyNot selected |
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| PanicEmergencyNot selected |
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| Catatonic excitementEmergencyNot selected |
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| Why it fits | Restless overactivity with decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, irritability, impulsivity | New agitation with fluctuating attention, altered awareness, pain, retention, constipation, infection | Inner restlessness, pacing, shifting, inability to sit still after antipsychotic/antiemetic/antidepressant | Fearful, suspicious, internally preoccupied, command-driven pacing/guarding/aggression | After methamphetamine, cocaine, synthetic stimulants, heavy caffeine, or stimulant crash | Shaking, pacing, fleeing, startle, breathlessness, terror after trigger/conflict/reminder | Severe purposeless excitement, impulsive/bizarre overactivity, odd postures, switching between excitement/shutdown |
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| What argues against | Applies to the whole presentationReview locally. | ||||||
| Must-not-miss | Psychosis, financial/sexual risk, violence, exhaustion, abrupt suicide risk in mixed states | Sepsis, hypoxia, stroke, withdrawal, head injury, medication toxicity | Suicidality from unbearable restlessness, recent dose escalation, mislabelled behavioural disturbance | ||||
| Bedside question | Applies to the whole presentationSubjective bodily torment and urge to move dominate. Mood or psychosis may be absent. | ||||||
| Immediate action | Applies to the whole presentationStabilise and reassess. | ||||||
| Investigations | Applies to the whole presentationGuided by presentation. | ||||||
| Mimics / overlap | Applies to the whole presentationReview overlap locally. | ||||||
Scroll horizontally to review more candidate differentials. Clinical reference — not validated decision support. Review before use.
Review locally.
Subjective bodily torment and urge to move dominate. Mood or psychosis may be absent.
Stabilise and reassess.
Guided by presentation.
Review overlap locally.
Restless overactivity with decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, irritability, impulsivity
Psychosis, financial/sexual risk, violence, exhaustion, abrupt suicide risk in mixed states
New agitation with fluctuating attention, altered awareness, pain, retention, constipation, infection
Sepsis, hypoxia, stroke
Safety first. Act early.
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Last updated: Pending review
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Create a concise comparison summary for documentation or handoff.
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v10 | Local content only
Last updated: Pending review
| Hyperthermia, chest pain, rhabdomyolysis, seizures, severe paranoia |
| Severe dissociation, self-harm, unsafe absconding, ACS/PE/asthma mimics |
| Malignant catatonia, autonomic instability, dehydration, rhabdomyolysis |