A. Persistent difficulties in acquisition and use of language across modalities (spoken, written, sign, or other) due to deficits in comprehension or production, including reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse B. Language abilities substantially and quantifiably below expected for age, resulting in functional limitations in effective communication, social participation, academic achievement, or occupational performance C. Onset in the early developmental period
A. Deficits in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgement, academic learning, experiential learning) confirmed by clinical assessment and standardised testing B. Deficits in adaptive functioning in ≥1 of: conceptual, social, or practical domains — resulting in failure to meet developmental/sociocultural standards for personal independence/social responsibility C. Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period
Receptive language impairment; Expressive language impairment; Mixed receptive-expressive language impairment
Mild; Moderate; Severe; Profound
Hearing impairment (always exclude - audiological assessment essential); Intellectual disability (language consistent with overall cognitive level); ASD (social communication deficits; RRBs present)
ASD (social deficits; RRBs; may coexist - code both when criteria independently met); Specific learning disorder (domain-specific; overall intellectual function preserved); Communication disorder (language-specific; not global intellectual impairment)