Alternative hypotheses

Compare mechanisms

Compare function, sequence, patient language, and treatment leverage. The aim is not to choose a label—it is to identify which hypothesis best explains this person’s pattern.

Ask this

Which pattern better explains the sequence, protective function, and consequences: emotional dysregulation or worry?

Emotional dysregulation

Emotional dysregulation is a transdiagnostic formulation mechanism that can amplify impulsivity, interpersonal rupture, avoidance, and risk.

AffectBehaviourInterpersonal+1

Worry

Worry attempts to prepare for danger but may maintain anxiety by overestimating threat and under-testing coping.

CognitionAffectBehaviour+1

Definition

ADifficulty modulating the intensity, duration, expression, or behavioural consequences of emotional states.

BRepetitive future-oriented thinking about possible threats, uncertainty, or negative outcomes.

Core process

AHigh emotional sensitivity, intense arousal, limited regulation strategies, and rapid action urges interact under stress.

BFuture threat simulations create an illusion of preparation while increasing vigilance, arousal, and safety behaviours.

Look for

ARapid affect shifts · Impulsive coping

BWhat-if chains · Reassurance seeking

Patient language

A“It goes from zero to one hundred”

B“What if something goes wrong?”

Maintaining cycle

ATrigger -> intense emotion -> urgent behaviour -> consequences -> shame or threat -> further dysregulation

BUncertainty -> worry -> temporary control -> more threat scanning -> more uncertainty

Treatment leverage

AIncrease pause, labelling, and tolerable regulation options before action urges dominate.

BSeparate solvable problems from hypothetical threat loops.

Check before using

AMood shifts are better explained by episodic mania, delirium, intoxication, or seizure activity.

BThe main loop is past-focused rumination rather than future threat simulation.

Formulation language

Emotional dysregulation appears to intensify threat cues into urgent action, creating consequences that then feed further distress.

Open full guide

Formulation language

Worry gives a brief sense of preparation, but it also sustains threat monitoring and prevents uncertainty tolerance.

Open full guide

Browse the map Use both hypotheses

Alternative hypotheses

Compare mechanisms

Compare function, sequence, patient language, and treatment leverage. The aim is not to choose a label—it is to identify which hypothesis best explains this person’s pattern.

Ask this

Which pattern better explains the sequence, protective function, and consequences: emotional dysregulation or worry?

Emotional dysregulation

Emotional dysregulation is a transdiagnostic formulation mechanism that can amplify impulsivity, interpersonal rupture, avoidance, and risk.

AffectBehaviourInterpersonal+1

Worry

Worry attempts to prepare for danger but may maintain anxiety by overestimating threat and under-testing coping.

CognitionAffectBehaviour+1

Definition

ADifficulty modulating the intensity, duration, expression, or behavioural consequences of emotional states.

BRepetitive future-oriented thinking about possible threats, uncertainty, or negative outcomes.

Core process

AHigh emotional sensitivity, intense arousal, limited regulation strategies, and rapid action urges interact under stress.

BFuture threat simulations create an illusion of preparation while increasing vigilance, arousal, and safety behaviours.

Look for

ARapid affect shifts · Impulsive coping

BWhat-if chains · Reassurance seeking

Patient language

A“It goes from zero to one hundred”

B“What if something goes wrong?”

Maintaining cycle

ATrigger -> intense emotion -> urgent behaviour -> consequences -> shame or threat -> further dysregulation

BUncertainty -> worry -> temporary control -> more threat scanning -> more uncertainty

Treatment leverage

AIncrease pause, labelling, and tolerable regulation options before action urges dominate.

BSeparate solvable problems from hypothetical threat loops.

Check before using

AMood shifts are better explained by episodic mania, delirium, intoxication, or seizure activity.

BThe main loop is past-focused rumination rather than future threat simulation.

Formulation language

Emotional dysregulation appears to intensify threat cues into urgent action, creating consequences that then feed further distress.

Open full guide

Formulation language

Worry gives a brief sense of preparation, but it also sustains threat monitoring and prevents uncertainty tolerance.

Open full guide

Browse the map Use both hypotheses