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Emotional dysregulation is a transdiagnostic formulation mechanism that can amplify impulsivity, interpersonal rupture, avoidance, and risk.
Attachment avoidance may appear as self-sufficiency, emotional distance, minimisation of need, or disengagement under relational stress.
Negative core beliefs bias attention and meaning-making, often linking early experience to current automatic thoughts, affect, and behaviour.
Projection can protect against shame or conflict but may create suspicion, blame, and interpersonal escalation.
Reassurance seeking can soothe briefly but may maintain uncertainty intolerance, anxiety, dependency cycles, and interpersonal strain.
Splitting can simplify unbearable ambivalence but may destabilise relationships, teams, and self-experience.
Biological, social and cultural material that belongs in the formulation but is not a psychological mechanism. A factor needs case evidence before it explains anything.