Substantial cognitive decline in ≥1 domain (complex attention, executive function, learning/memory, language, perceptual-motor, social cognition) based on concern + objective evidence
Modest cognitive decline in ≥1 domain (concern of individual, knowledgeable informant, or clinician; supported by objective performance evidence)
Persistent personality disturbance representing a change from the individual's previous characteristic personality pattern
Criteria met for major or mild NCD (substantial or modest cognitive decline in ≥1 domain)
Disturbance of attention (reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain, shift attention) and awareness (reduced orientation to environment)
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Intoxication: reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion; Withdrawal: substance-specific syndrome due to cessation/reduction after heavy/prolonged use
Emotional or behavioural symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor, within 3 months of stressor onset
Recent ingestion of alcohol
Intoxication: recent cannabis use with clinically significant maladaptive behavioural/psychological changes; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction of heavy prolonged use
Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech inappropriate for age and language skills; ≥1 of: sound/syllable repetitions; sound prolongations; broken words; audible/silent blocking; circumlocutions; words produced with excess physical tension; monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
Excessive anxiety/worry about multiple events/activities, more days than not for ≥6 months
Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness
Dopamine antagonist exposure (antipsychotic or antiemetic) and development of severe muscle rigidity and elevated temperature
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks (abrupt surge reaching peak within minutes; ≥4 of 13 symptoms)
≥5 symptoms in final week before menses, improve within days of onset, become minimal/absent post-menses
Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behaviour toward caregivers; ≥2 of: rarely seeks/responds to comfort when distressed; minimal positive affect; unexplained irritability/sadness/fearfulness
Pervasive pattern of social/interpersonal deficits with acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive/perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behaviour, beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 9: ideas of reference; odd beliefs/magical thinking; unusual perceptual experiences; odd thinking/speech; suspiciousness/paranoid ideation; inappropriate/constricted affect; odd/eccentric behaviour/appearance; lacks close friends; excessive social anxiety
Intoxication: recent sedative/hypnotic/anxiolytic use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after prolonged heavy use
Persistent difficulties in social use of verbal/nonverbal communication; ≥1 of: deficits in using communication for social purposes; inability to change communication to match context; difficulty following rules for conversations and storytelling; difficulty understanding what is not explicitly stated
Intoxication: recent stimulant use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after prolonged heavy use
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Persistent difficulties in acquisition and use of language across modalities (spoken, written, sign, or other) due to deficits in comprehension or production, including reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse
Criteria met for major or mild NCD with insidious onset and gradual progression
Criteria met for a personality disorder (enduring pattern of inner experience/behaviour deviating markedly from cultural expectations; pervasive; inflexible; stable; leading to distress/impairment)
Persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across multiple contexts (≥3 components: social-emotional reciprocity; nonverbal communicative behaviours; developing/maintaining relationships)
Disruption of identity characterised by ≥2 distinct personality states/possession experiences with marked discontinuity in sense of self and agency, accompanied by alterations in affect, behaviour, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning
Restriction of energy intake → significantly low body weight for age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health
≥1 full manic episode (abnormally elevated/expansive/irritable mood + ↑energy, ≥7 days or any duration if hospitalised)
≥3 of 12 catatonia symptoms: stupor; catalepsy; waxy flexibility; mutism; negativism; posturing; mannerism; stereotypy; agitation; grimacing; echolalia; echopraxia
Repetitive/persistent pattern of behaviour violating rights of others or major societal norms; ≥3 of 15 criteria in past 12 months (≥1 in past 6): aggression to people/animals; destruction of property; deceitfulness/theft; serious rule violations
Either of: marked delay in ejaculation; marked infrequency or absence of ejaculation, on almost all occasions of partnered sexual activity (≥75–100%), without desire for delay
Inability to recall important autobiographical information (usually traumatic/stressful) inconsistent with ordinary forgetting; may include dissociative fugue (purposeful travel or bewildered wandering)
≥1 of 3 symptoms on almost all occasions (≥75–100%) of sexual activity: marked difficulty attaining an erection; marked difficulty maintaining an erection until completion of sexual activity; marked decrease in erectile rigidity
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the exposure of one's genitals to an unsuspecting person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
≥1 of: marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of orgasm; markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations — on almost all occasions (≥75–100%) of sexual activity
Absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal; ≥3 of: absent/reduced interest in sexual activity; absent/reduced sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies; no/reduced initiation of sexual activity and unreceptive to partner's attempts; absent/reduced sexual excitement/pleasure during sexual activity in ≥75–100% encounters; absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal in response to any internal/external erotic cues; absent/reduced genital or non-genital sensations during sexual activity in ≥75–100% encounters
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from either the use of non-living objects or a highly specific focus on non-genital body part(s), as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
≥1 symptom of altered voluntary motor or sensory function
Marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, ≥6 months; in adolescents/adults: ≥2 of: incongruence between experienced gender and primary/secondary sex characteristics; strong desire to be rid of primary/secondary sex characteristics; strong desire for sex characteristics of experienced gender; strong desire to be of experienced gender; strong desire to be treated as experienced gender; strong conviction of having typical feelings/reactions of experienced gender
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value
Deficits in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgement, academic learning, experiential learning) confirmed by clinical assessment and standardised testing
≥5 of 9 SIG-E-CAPS symptoms for ≥2 weeks; ≥1 must be depressed mood or anhedonia
Abnormal and prolonged contraction of muscles of eyes, face, neck, limbs, or trunk developing in association with medication use
Parkinsonian tremor, muscular rigidity, or akinesia developing in association with medication use (most commonly neuroleptic/antipsychotic or dopamine-depleting agent)
Recurrent periods of irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping within same day, for ≥3 months; ≥1 of: cataplexy (brief episodes of bilateral muscle tone loss) ≥few times/month; hypocretin deficiency (CSF hypocretin-1 ≤110 pg/mL); REM sleep latency ≤15 min on MSLT (or mean sleep latency ≤8 min with ≥2 sleep-onset REM periods)
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode, accompanied by either sleepwalking (complex behaviour without full consciousness) or sleep terrors (abrupt awakenings with intense fear/autonomic arousal; difficult to console)
Medication-induced movement symptoms causing clinically significant distress or impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a feeding/eating disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a trauma/stressor-related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Exposure to actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (direct, witnessed, learning about close person, or repeated indirect exposure)
Persistent or recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring during partnered sexual activity within ≈1 minute of vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it, on ≥75–100% of occasions
Death of someone close to the bereaved person ≥12 months ago (≥6 months in children/adolescents)
Urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, that begins or worsens during rest/inactivity, is partially or totally relieved by movement, and occurs primarily in the evening or night
≥1 somatic symptom that is distressing or results in significant disruption of daily life
Difficulties learning and using academic skills despite intervention; ≥1 of 6 symptoms for ≥6 months: inaccurate/slow word reading; difficulty decoding; poor spelling; difficulties with written expression; poor number sense; mathematical reasoning difficulties
Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviour (e.g. hand shaking/waving, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, hitting own body)
Prominent hallucinations or delusions
Eating/feeding disturbance (apparent lack of interest; sensory-based avoidance; concern about aversive consequences) → persistent failure to meet nutritional/energy needs
Failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning; applies to individuals <5 years when severity cannot be reliably assessed
Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for ≥1 month
Repeated regurgitation of food for ≥1 month; regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spat out