Global developmental delay
Failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning; applies to individuals <5 years when severity cannot be reliably assessed
NeurodevelopmentalF88
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Failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning; applies to individuals <5 years when severity cannot be reliably assessed
Deficits in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgement, academic learning, experiential learning) confirmed by clinical assessment and standardised testing
Persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across multiple contexts (≥3 components: social-emotional reciprocity; nonverbal communicative behaviours; developing/maintaining relationships)
Persistent difficulties in acquisition and use of language across modalities (spoken, written, sign, or other) due to deficits in comprehension or production, including reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse
Persistent difficulties in social use of verbal/nonverbal communication; ≥1 of: deficits in using communication for social purposes; inability to change communication to match context; difficulty following rules for conversations and storytelling; difficulty understanding what is not explicitly stated
Acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills is substantially below expected for chronological age and opportunity for skill learning
Either of: marked delay in ejaculation; marked infrequency or absence of ejaculation, on almost all occasions of partnered sexual activity (≥75–100%), without desire for delay
Restriction of energy intake → significantly low body weight for age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health
≥6 inattentive symptoms and/or ≥6 hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (≥5 for age ≥17) for ≥6 months, inconsistent with developmental level and negatively impacting activities
Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech inappropriate for age and language skills; ≥1 of: sound/syllable repetitions; sound prolongations; broken words; audible/silent blocking; circumlocutions; words produced with excess physical tension; monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
Pattern of culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behaviour with relatively unfamiliar adults; ≥2 of: reduced/absent reticence; overly familiar verbal/physical behaviour; diminished checking back with caregiver; willingness to go with unfamiliar adult
≥1 of: marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of orgasm; markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations — on almost all occasions (≥75–100%) of sexual activity
Recurrent outbursts of failure to control aggressive impulses; ≥1 of: verbal aggression or physical aggression toward property/animals/individuals ≥2×/week (on average) for ≥3 months; ≥3 aggressive outbursts involving damage/injury within a 12-month period
Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for ≥1 month
Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behaviour toward caregivers; ≥2 of: rarely seeks/responds to comfort when distressed; minimal positive affect; unexplained irritability/sadness/fearfulness
Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviour (e.g. hand shaking/waving, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, hitting own body)
Difficulties learning and using academic skills despite intervention; ≥1 of 6 symptoms for ≥6 months: inaccurate/slow word reading; difficulty decoding; poor spelling; difficulties with written expression; poor number sense; mathematical reasoning difficulties
Persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption primarily due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between endogenous circadian rhythm and sleep-wake schedule
Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 8: difficulty making everyday decisions without advice/reassurance; needs others to assume responsibility for major areas of life; difficulty expressing disagreement out of fear; difficulty initiating projects alone; goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance/support; feels uncomfortable/helpless when alone; urgently seeks a replacement relationship when one ends; preoccupied with fears of being left to care for self
Inability to recall important autobiographical information (usually traumatic/stressful) inconsistent with ordinary forgetting; may include dissociative fugue (purposeful travel or bewildered wandering)
Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode, accompanied by either sleepwalking (complex behaviour without full consciousness) or sleep terrors (abrupt awakenings with intense fear/autonomic arousal; difficult to console)
Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental/interpersonal control (at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency), beginning by early adulthood; ≥4 of 8: preoccupation with details/rules/order; perfectionism interfering with task completion; excessively devoted to work; overconscientious about morality/ethics; unable to discard worthless objects; reluctant to delegate; miserly; rigidity/stubbornness
Medication-induced movement symptoms causing clinically significant distress or impairment
Over ≥6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally ≤13 years)
Single or multiple motor OR vocal tics (but not both motor and vocal) have been present at some time
Exposure to actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (direct, witnessed, learning about close person, or repeated indirect exposure)
Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics
Repeated regurgitation of food for ≥1 month; regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spat out
Both multiple motor tics AND ≥1 vocal tic present at some time during the illness, though not necessarily simultaneously
Recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in hair loss