Speech sound disorder
Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
NeurodevelopmentalF80.0
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Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
Failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning; applies to individuals <5 years when severity cannot be reliably assessed
Acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills is substantially below expected for chronological age and opportunity for skill learning
Deficits in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgement, academic learning, experiential learning) confirmed by clinical assessment and standardised testing
Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech inappropriate for age and language skills; ≥1 of: sound/syllable repetitions; sound prolongations; broken words; audible/silent blocking; circumlocutions; words produced with excess physical tension; monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
Restriction of energy intake → significantly low body weight for age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health
Persistent difficulties in acquisition and use of language across modalities (spoken, written, sign, or other) due to deficits in comprehension or production, including reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse
Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviour (e.g. hand shaking/waving, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, hitting own body)
Persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across multiple contexts (≥3 components: social-emotional reciprocity; nonverbal communicative behaviours; developing/maintaining relationships)
Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for ≥1 month
Emotional or behavioural symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor, within 3 months of stressor onset
≥6 inattentive symptoms and/or ≥6 hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (≥5 for age ≥17) for ≥6 months, inconsistent with developmental level and negatively impacting activities
Pattern of culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behaviour with relatively unfamiliar adults; ≥2 of: reduced/absent reticence; overly familiar verbal/physical behaviour; diminished checking back with caregiver; willingness to go with unfamiliar adult
Recurrent outbursts of failure to control aggressive impulses; ≥1 of: verbal aggression or physical aggression toward property/animals/individuals ≥2×/week (on average) for ≥3 months; ≥3 aggressive outbursts involving damage/injury within a 12-month period
Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behaviour toward caregivers; ≥2 of: rarely seeks/responds to comfort when distressed; minimal positive affect; unexplained irritability/sadness/fearfulness
Persistent difficulties in social use of verbal/nonverbal communication; ≥1 of: deficits in using communication for social purposes; inability to change communication to match context; difficulty following rules for conversations and storytelling; difficulty understanding what is not explicitly stated
Difficulties learning and using academic skills despite intervention; ≥1 of 6 symptoms for ≥6 months: inaccurate/slow word reading; difficulty decoding; poor spelling; difficulties with written expression; poor number sense; mathematical reasoning difficulties
Repeated regurgitation of food for ≥1 month; regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spat out
Criteria met for major or mild NCD (substantial or modest cognitive decline in ≥1 domain)
≥1 full manic episode (abnormally elevated/expansive/irritable mood + ↑energy, ≥7 days or any duration if hospitalised)
Repetitive/persistent pattern of behaviour violating rights of others or major societal norms; ≥3 of 15 criteria in past 12 months (≥1 in past 6): aggression to people/animals; destruction of property; deceitfulness/theft; serious rule violations
Either of: marked delay in ejaculation; marked infrequency or absence of ejaculation, on almost all occasions of partnered sexual activity (≥75–100%), without desire for delay
Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 8: difficulty making everyday decisions without advice/reassurance; needs others to assume responsibility for major areas of life; difficulty expressing disagreement out of fear; difficulty initiating projects alone; goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance/support; feels uncomfortable/helpless when alone; urgently seeks a replacement relationship when one ends; preoccupied with fears of being left to care for self
≥1 of 3 symptoms on almost all occasions (≥75–100%) of sexual activity: marked difficulty attaining an erection; marked difficulty maintaining an erection until completion of sexual activity; marked decrease in erectile rigidity
≥1 of: marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of orgasm; markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations — on almost all occasions (≥75–100%) of sexual activity
Absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal; ≥3 of: absent/reduced interest in sexual activity; absent/reduced sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies; no/reduced initiation of sexual activity and unreceptive to partner's attempts; absent/reduced sexual excitement/pleasure during sexual activity in ≥75–100% encounters; absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal in response to any internal/external erotic cues; absent/reduced genital or non-genital sensations during sexual activity in ≥75–100% encounters
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from either the use of non-living objects or a highly specific focus on non-genital body part(s), as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
≥1 symptom of altered voluntary motor or sensory function
Marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, ≥6 months; in adolescents/adults: ≥2 of: incongruence between experienced gender and primary/secondary sex characteristics; strong desire to be rid of primary/secondary sex characteristics; strong desire for sex characteristics of experienced gender; strong desire to be of experienced gender; strong desire to be treated as experienced gender; strong conviction of having typical feelings/reactions of experienced gender
Substantial cognitive decline in ≥1 domain (complex attention, executive function, learning/memory, language, perceptual-motor, social cognition) based on concern + objective evidence
Abnormal and prolonged contraction of muscles of eyes, face, neck, limbs, or trunk developing in association with medication use
Parkinsonian tremor, muscular rigidity, or akinesia developing in association with medication use (most commonly neuroleptic/antipsychotic or dopamine-depleting agent)
Modest cognitive decline in ≥1 domain (concern of individual, knowledgeable informant, or clinician; supported by objective performance evidence)
Recurrent periods of irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping within same day, for ≥3 months; ≥1 of: cataplexy (brief episodes of bilateral muscle tone loss) ≥few times/month; hypocretin deficiency (CSF hypocretin-1 ≤110 pg/mL); REM sleep latency ≤15 min on MSLT (or mean sleep latency ≤8 min with ≥2 sleep-onset REM periods)
Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode, accompanied by either sleepwalking (complex behaviour without full consciousness) or sleep terrors (abrupt awakenings with intense fear/autonomic arousal; difficult to console)
Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental/interpersonal control (at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency), beginning by early adulthood; ≥4 of 8: preoccupation with details/rules/order; perfectionism interfering with task completion; excessively devoted to work; overconscientious about morality/ethics; unable to discard worthless objects; reluctant to delegate; miserly; rigidity/stubbornness
Symptoms characteristic of a feeding/eating disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Criteria met for a personality disorder (enduring pattern of inner experience/behaviour deviating markedly from cultural expectations; pervasive; inflexible; stable; leading to distress/impairment)
Symptoms characteristic of a trauma/stressor-related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Over ≥6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally ≤13 years)
Single or multiple motor OR vocal tics (but not both motor and vocal) have been present at some time
Persistent or recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring during partnered sexual activity within ≈1 minute of vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it, on ≥75–100% of occasions
Death of someone close to the bereaved person ≥12 months ago (≥6 months in children/adolescents)
Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics
Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalisation and/or complex motor behaviours
Both multiple motor tics AND ≥1 vocal tic present at some time during the illness, though not necessarily simultaneously
Recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in hair loss
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Eating/feeding disturbance (apparent lack of interest; sensory-based avoidance; concern about aversive consequences) → persistent failure to meet nutritional/energy needs
Disruption of identity characterised by ≥2 distinct personality states/possession experiences with marked discontinuity in sense of self and agency, accompanied by alterations in affect, behaviour, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning