Predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity/quality: ≥1 of: difficulty initiating sleep; difficulty maintaining sleep (frequent awakenings); early morning awakening with inability to return to sleep
Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode, accompanied by either sleepwalking (complex behaviour without full consciousness) or sleep terrors (abrupt awakenings with intense fear/autonomic arousal; difficult to console)
Evidence by polysomnography of ≥5 obstructive apnoeas/hypopnoeas per hour of sleep + ≥1 of: nocturnal breathing disturbances (snoring, snorting, gasping, breathing pauses); daytime sleepiness/fatigue/unrefreshing sleep not explained by another disorder; OR ≥15 obstructive apnoeas/hypopnoeas per hour of sleep regardless of accompanying symptoms
Persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption primarily due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between endogenous circadian rhythm and sleep-wake schedule
Evidence by polysomnography of ≥5 central apnoeas per hour of sleep
Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalisation and/or complex motor behaviours
Self-reported excessive sleepiness (hypersomnolence) despite main sleep period of ≥7 hrs; ≥1 of: recurrent lapses into sleep during same day; prolonged main sleep episode (>9 hrs) that is non-restorative; difficulty being fully awake after abrupt awakening
Excessive anxiety/worry about multiple events/activities, more days than not for ≥6 months
Criteria met for major or mild NCD with insidious onset and gradual progression
Exposure to actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (direct, witnessed, learning about close person, or repeated indirect exposure)
Recurrent periods of irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping within same day, for ≥3 months; ≥1 of: cataplexy (brief episodes of bilateral muscle tone loss) ≥few times/month; hypocretin deficiency (CSF hypocretin-1 ≤110 pg/mL); REM sleep latency ≤15 min on MSLT (or mean sleep latency ≤8 min with ≥2 sleep-onset REM periods)
Urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, that begins or worsens during rest/inactivity, is partially or totally relieved by movement, and occurs primarily in the evening or night
Intoxication: recent cannabis use with clinically significant maladaptive behavioural/psychological changes; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction of heavy prolonged use
Prominent hallucinations or delusions
Emotional or behavioural symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor, within 3 months of stressor onset
Criteria met for major or mild NCD (substantial or modest cognitive decline in ≥1 domain)
Restriction of energy intake → significantly low body weight for age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health
≥3 of the following within days of stopping/reducing an antidepressant (after ≥1 month use): FINISH symptoms — flu-like; insomnia; nausea; imbalance; sensory disturbances; hyperarousal/anxiety
Eating/feeding disturbance (apparent lack of interest; sensory-based avoidance; concern about aversive consequences) → persistent failure to meet nutritional/energy needs
Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect, with marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 9: frantic efforts to avoid abandonment; unstable intense relationships; identity disturbance; impulsivity in ≥2 damaging areas; suicidal/self-mutilating behaviour; affective instability; chronic emptiness; inappropriate intense anger; transient stress-related paranoia/dissociation
Recurrent binge eating episodes (eating large amount in discrete period + sense of lack of control)
Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech inappropriate for age and language skills; ≥1 of: sound/syllable repetitions; sound prolongations; broken words; audible/silent blocking; circumlocutions; words produced with excess physical tension; monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
Repetitive/persistent pattern of behaviour violating rights of others or major societal norms; ≥3 of 15 criteria in past 12 months (≥1 in past 6): aggression to people/animals; destruction of property; deceitfulness/theft; serious rule violations
Disturbance of attention (reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain, shift attention) and awareness (reduced orientation to environment)
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Persistent personality disturbance representing a change from the individual's previous characteristic personality pattern
Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behaviour toward caregivers; ≥2 of: rarely seeks/responds to comfort when distressed; minimal positive affect; unexplained irritability/sadness/fearfulness
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
≥1 full manic episode (abnormally elevated/expansive/irritable mood + ↑energy, ≥7 days or any duration if hospitalised)
≥5 of 9 SIG-E-CAPS symptoms for ≥2 weeks; ≥1 must be depressed mood or anhedonia
Intoxication: recent stimulant use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after prolonged heavy use
Intoxication: reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion; Withdrawal: substance-specific syndrome due to cessation/reduction after heavy/prolonged use
Recent ingestion of alcohol
Cessation or reduction of heavy/prolonged alcohol use
Prominent anxiety, panic attacks, or obsessions/compulsions directly attributable to physiological effects of another medical condition
≥6 inattentive symptoms and/or ≥6 hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (≥5 for age ≥17) for ≥6 months, inconsistent with developmental level and negatively impacting activities
Hypomanic episode threshold has been met.
Preoccupation with ≥1 perceived defect(s) or flaw(s) in physical appearance (not observable or only slightly observable to others)
≥2 years (≥1 yr children/adolescents) of hypomanic AND depressive symptoms not meeting full episode criteria
Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 8: difficulty making everyday decisions without advice/reassurance; needs others to assume responsibility for major areas of life; difficulty expressing disagreement out of fear; difficulty initiating projects alone; goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance/support; feels uncomfortable/helpless when alone; urgently seeks a replacement relationship when one ends; preoccupied with fears of being left to care for self
Prominent depressive episode directly attributable to physiological effects of a medical condition
Pattern of culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behaviour with relatively unfamiliar adults; ≥2 of: reduced/absent reticence; overly familiar verbal/physical behaviour; diminished checking back with caregiver; willingness to go with unfamiliar adult
Inability to recall important autobiographical information (usually traumatic/stressful) inconsistent with ordinary forgetting; may include dissociative fugue (purposeful travel or bewildered wandering)
Disruption of identity characterised by ≥2 distinct personality states/possession experiences with marked discontinuity in sense of self and agency, accompanied by alterations in affect, behaviour, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning
≥1 symptom of altered voluntary motor or sensory function
Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 8: uncomfortable when not the centre of attention; inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behaviour; rapidly shifting shallow emotions; uses physical appearance to draw attention; impressionistic/lacking-in-detail speech; theatrical/exaggerated emotional expression; suggestible; considers relationships more intimate than they are
Substantial cognitive decline in ≥1 domain (complex attention, executive function, learning/memory, language, perceptual-motor, social cognition) based on concern + objective evidence
Subjective complaints of restlessness after exposure to medication
Abnormal and prolonged contraction of muscles of eyes, face, neck, limbs, or trunk developing in association with medication use
Modest cognitive decline in ≥1 domain (concern of individual, knowledgeable informant, or clinician; supported by objective performance evidence)
Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 9: grandiose sense of self-importance; preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success/power/brilliance/beauty/love; believes he/she is special; requires excessive admiration; sense of entitlement; interpersonally exploitative; lacks empathy; envious of others or believes others are envious; arrogant
Intoxication: recent opioid use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after heavy prolonged use, or administration of opioid antagonist
Medication-induced movement symptoms causing clinically significant distress or impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a dissociative disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a sexual dysfunction causing clinically significant distress
Depressed mood most of the day, more days than not, for ≥2 years (≥1 yr children/adolescents)
≥2 of: delusions; hallucinations; disorganised speech; grossly disorganised/catatonic behaviour; negative symptoms — ≥1 must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganised speech
Pervasive pattern of social/interpersonal deficits with acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive/perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behaviour, beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 9: ideas of reference; odd beliefs/magical thinking; unusual perceptual experiences; odd thinking/speech; suspiciousness/paranoid ideation; inappropriate/constricted affect; odd/eccentric behaviour/appearance; lacks close friends; excessive social anxiety
Intoxication: recent sedative/hypnotic/anxiolytic use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after prolonged heavy use
Prominent hallucinations or delusions