Global developmental delay
Failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning; applies to individuals <5 years when severity cannot be reliably assessed
NeurodevelopmentalF88
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Failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning; applies to individuals <5 years when severity cannot be reliably assessed
Deficits in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgement, academic learning, experiential learning) confirmed by clinical assessment and standardised testing
Acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills is substantially below expected for chronological age and opportunity for skill learning
Marked fear/anxiety about a specific object or situation
Difficulties learning and using academic skills despite intervention; ≥1 of 6 symptoms for ≥6 months: inaccurate/slow word reading; difficulty decoding; poor spelling; difficulties with written expression; poor number sense; mathematical reasoning difficulties
Persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across multiple contexts (≥3 components: social-emotional reciprocity; nonverbal communicative behaviours; developing/maintaining relationships)
Persistent difficulties in acquisition and use of language across modalities (spoken, written, sign, or other) due to deficits in comprehension or production, including reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse
Persistent difficulties in social use of verbal/nonverbal communication; ≥1 of: deficits in using communication for social purposes; inability to change communication to match context; difficulty following rules for conversations and storytelling; difficulty understanding what is not explicitly stated
≥6 inattentive symptoms and/or ≥6 hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (≥5 for age ≥17) for ≥6 months, inconsistent with developmental level and negatively impacting activities
Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behaviour toward caregivers; ≥2 of: rarely seeks/responds to comfort when distressed; minimal positive affect; unexplained irritability/sadness/fearfulness
Intoxication: reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion; Withdrawal: substance-specific syndrome due to cessation/reduction after heavy/prolonged use
Restriction of energy intake → significantly low body weight for age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health
Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech inappropriate for age and language skills; ≥1 of: sound/syllable repetitions; sound prolongations; broken words; audible/silent blocking; circumlocutions; words produced with excess physical tension; monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
Either of: marked delay in ejaculation; marked infrequency or absence of ejaculation, on almost all occasions of partnered sexual activity (≥75–100%), without desire for delay
Pattern of culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behaviour with relatively unfamiliar adults; ≥2 of: reduced/absent reticence; overly familiar verbal/physical behaviour; diminished checking back with caregiver; willingness to go with unfamiliar adult
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from either the use of non-living objects or a highly specific focus on non-genital body part(s), as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness
Recurrent outbursts of failure to control aggressive impulses; ≥1 of: verbal aggression or physical aggression toward property/animals/individuals ≥2×/week (on average) for ≥3 months; ≥3 aggressive outbursts involving damage/injury within a 12-month period
Medication-induced movement symptoms causing clinically significant distress or impairment
Symptoms characteristic of an anxiety disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a depressive disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a disruptive, impulse-control, or conduct disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a dissociative disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a feeding/eating disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of an OCD-related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Criteria met for a personality disorder (enduring pattern of inner experience/behaviour deviating markedly from cultural expectations; pervasive; inflexible; stable; leading to distress/impairment)
Symptoms characteristic of a schizophrenia spectrum/other psychotic disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a sexual dysfunction causing clinically significant distress
Symptoms characteristic of a somatic symptom/related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a trauma/stressor-related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a bipolar/related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for ≥1 month
Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations (despite speaking in others)
Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviour (e.g. hand shaking/waving, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, hitting own body)
Symptoms characteristic of a bipolar/related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
≥1 of: marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of orgasm; markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations — on almost all occasions (≥75–100%) of sexual activity
Emotional or behavioural symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor, within 3 months of stressor onset
Marked fear/anxiety about ≥2 of 5 situations: public transport; open spaces; enclosed places; standing in line/crowds; being outside home alone
Eating/feeding disturbance (apparent lack of interest; sensory-based avoidance; concern about aversive consequences) → persistent failure to meet nutritional/energy needs
Preoccupation with ≥1 perceived defect(s) or flaw(s) in physical appearance (not observable or only slightly observable to others)
Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 8: difficulty making everyday decisions without advice/reassurance; needs others to assume responsibility for major areas of life; difficulty expressing disagreement out of fear; difficulty initiating projects alone; goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance/support; feels uncomfortable/helpless when alone; urgently seeks a replacement relationship when one ends; preoccupied with fears of being left to care for self
Absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal; ≥3 of: absent/reduced interest in sexual activity; absent/reduced sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies; no/reduced initiation of sexual activity and unreceptive to partner's attempts; absent/reduced sexual excitement/pleasure during sexual activity in ≥75–100% encounters; absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal in response to any internal/external erotic cues; absent/reduced genital or non-genital sensations during sexual activity in ≥75–100% encounters
Excessive anxiety/worry about multiple events/activities, more days than not for ≥6 months
Persistent or recurrent difficulties with ≥1 of: vaginal penetration during intercourse; marked vulvovaginal or pelvic pain during intercourse or penetration attempts; marked fear/anxiety about vulvovaginal or pelvic pain in anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal penetration; marked tensing or tightening of pelvic floor muscles during vaginal penetration attempts
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value
Persistently or recurrently deficient (or absent) sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies AND desire for sexual activity; clinician judges deficiency considering age and general/sociocultural context
Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode, accompanied by either sleepwalking (complex behaviour without full consciousness) or sleep terrors (abrupt awakenings with intense fear/autonomic arousal; difficult to console)
Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental/interpersonal control (at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency), beginning by early adulthood; ≥4 of 8: preoccupation with details/rules/order; perfectionism interfering with task completion; excessively devoted to work; overconscientious about morality/ethics; unable to discard worthless objects; reluctant to delegate; miserly; rigidity/stubbornness
Recurrent and intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, or individuals, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours, for ≥6 months
Over ≥6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally ≤13 years)
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks (abrupt surge reaching peak within minutes; ≥4 of 13 symptoms)
Single or multiple motor OR vocal tics (but not both motor and vocal) have been present at some time
Persistent or recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring during partnered sexual activity within ≈1 minute of vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it, on ≥75–100% of occasions
Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics
Repeated regurgitation of food for ≥1 month; regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spat out
Both multiple motor tics AND ≥1 vocal tic present at some time during the illness, though not necessarily simultaneously
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from cross-dressing, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
Recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in hair loss