Intoxication: reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion; Withdrawal: substance-specific syndrome due to cessation/reduction after heavy/prolonged use
Intoxication: recent sedative/hypnotic/anxiolytic use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after prolonged heavy use
Intoxication: recent cannabis use with clinically significant maladaptive behavioural/psychological changes; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction of heavy prolonged use
Intoxication: recent opioid use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after heavy prolonged use, or administration of opioid antagonist
Intoxication: recent stimulant use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after prolonged heavy use
Prominent hallucinations or delusions
Cessation or reduction of heavy/prolonged alcohol use
Recent ingestion of alcohol
Dopamine antagonist exposure (antipsychotic or antiemetic) and development of severe muscle rigidity and elevated temperature
≥3 of the following within days of stopping/reducing an antidepressant (after ≥1 month use): FINISH symptoms — flu-like; insomnia; nausea; imbalance; sensory disturbances; hyperarousal/anxiety
Disturbance of attention (reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain, shift attention) and awareness (reduced orientation to environment)
Problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment/distress; ≥2 of 11 criteria within 12 months (impaired control ×4; social impairment ×3; risky use ×2; pharmacological criteria ×2)
Urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, that begins or worsens during rest/inactivity, is partially or totally relieved by movement, and occurs primarily in the evening or night
Either of: marked delay in ejaculation; marked infrequency or absence of ejaculation, on almost all occasions of partnered sexual activity (≥75–100%), without desire for delay
Persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalisation (feelings of unreality/detachment from one's mind/body) and/or derealisation (feelings of unreality of surroundings)
Disruption of identity characterised by ≥2 distinct personality states/possession experiences with marked discontinuity in sense of self and agency, accompanied by alterations in affect, behaviour, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning
Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions
≥1 of: marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of orgasm; markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations — on almost all occasions (≥75–100%) of sexual activity
Absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal; ≥3 of: absent/reduced interest in sexual activity; absent/reduced sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies; no/reduced initiation of sexual activity and unreceptive to partner's attempts; absent/reduced sexual excitement/pleasure during sexual activity in ≥75–100% encounters; absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal in response to any internal/external erotic cues; absent/reduced genital or non-genital sensations during sexual activity in ≥75–100% encounters
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity/quality: ≥1 of: difficulty initiating sleep; difficulty maintaining sleep (frequent awakenings); early morning awakening with inability to return to sleep
Recurrent outbursts of failure to control aggressive impulses; ≥1 of: verbal aggression or physical aggression toward property/animals/individuals ≥2×/week (on average) for ≥3 months; ≥3 aggressive outbursts involving damage/injury within a 12-month period
≥5 of 9 SIG-E-CAPS symptoms for ≥2 weeks; ≥1 must be depressed mood or anhedonia
Persistently or recurrently deficient (or absent) sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies AND desire for sexual activity; clinician judges deficiency considering age and general/sociocultural context
Presence of obsessions (recurrent/persistent intrusive thoughts/urges/images + attempts to suppress or neutralise), compulsions (repetitive behaviours/mental acts driven by rigid rules aimed at reducing distress/feared event), or both
Depressed mood most of the day, more days than not, for ≥2 years (≥1 yr children/adolescents)
Persistent or recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring during partnered sexual activity within ≈1 minute of vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it, on ≥75–100% of occasions
Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalisation and/or complex motor behaviours
Marked fear/anxiety about ≥1 social situation with possible scrutiny by others
Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviour (e.g. hand shaking/waving, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, hitting own body)
Pervasive pattern of disregard for/violation of rights of others since age 15: ≥3 of 7: failure to conform to lawful behaviours; deceitfulness; impulsivity; irritability/aggressiveness; reckless disregard for safety; consistent irresponsibility; lack of remorse
Prominent depressive episode directly attributable to physiological effects of a medical condition
Pattern of culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behaviour with relatively unfamiliar adults; ≥2 of: reduced/absent reticence; overly familiar verbal/physical behaviour; diminished checking back with caregiver; willingness to go with unfamiliar adult
Subjective complaints of restlessness after exposure to medication
Exposure to actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (same exposure types as PTSD Criterion A)
Criteria met for major or mild NCD (substantial or modest cognitive decline in ≥1 domain)
≥1 of: delusions; hallucinations; disorganised speech; grossly disorganised/catatonic behaviour
≥2 years (≥1 yr children/adolescents) of hypomanic AND depressive symptoms not meeting full episode criteria
≥1 month of ≥1 delusion(s)
Severe recurrent temper outbursts (verbal or behavioural), grossly disproportionate to situation, ≥3×/week
Inability to recall important autobiographical information (usually traumatic/stressful) inconsistent with ordinary forgetting; may include dissociative fugue (purposeful travel or bewildered wandering)
≥1 of 3 symptoms on almost all occasions (≥75–100%) of sexual activity: marked difficulty attaining an erection; marked difficulty maintaining an erection until completion of sexual activity; marked decrease in erectile rigidity
Excessive anxiety/worry about multiple events/activities, more days than not for ≥6 months
Self-reported excessive sleepiness (hypersomnolence) despite main sleep period of ≥7 hrs; ≥1 of: recurrent lapses into sleep during same day; prolonged main sleep episode (>9 hrs) that is non-restorative; difficulty being fully awake after abrupt awakening
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode, accompanied by either sleepwalking (complex behaviour without full consciousness) or sleep terrors (abrupt awakenings with intense fear/autonomic arousal; difficult to console)
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks (abrupt surge reaching peak within minutes; ≥4 of 13 symptoms)
Single or multiple motor OR vocal tics (but not both motor and vocal) have been present at some time
Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for ≥1 month
Exposure to actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (direct, witnessed, learning about close person, or repeated indirect exposure)
Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics
Uninterrupted period of illness including a major mood episode (MDE or manic) concurrent with Schizophrenia Criterion A symptoms
≥2 of: delusions; hallucinations; disorganised speech; grossly disorganised/catatonic behaviour; negative symptoms — ≥1 must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganised speech
Same symptom criteria as Schizophrenia (≥2 of the 5 symptom clusters; ≥1 must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganised speech)
Both multiple motor tics AND ≥1 vocal tic present at some time during the illness, though not necessarily simultaneously
≥1 full manic episode (abnormally elevated/expansive/irritable mood + ↑energy, ≥7 days or any duration if hospitalised)
Hypomanic episode threshold has been met.
Evidence by polysomnography of ≥5 central apnoeas per hour of sleep
Symptoms characteristic of an OCD-related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Criteria met for a personality disorder (enduring pattern of inner experience/behaviour deviating markedly from cultural expectations; pervasive; inflexible; stable; leading to distress/impairment)
Symptoms characteristic of a schizophrenia spectrum/other psychotic disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood; ≥4 of 7: suspects exploitation/harm/deception; preoccupied with unjustified doubts about loyalty; reluctant to confide; reads hidden threatening meanings; bears grudges; perceives attacks on character not apparent to others; recurrent suspicions about fidelity of partner
Deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion
Prominent anxiety, panic attacks, or obsessions/compulsions directly attributable to physiological effects of another medical condition
Persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across multiple contexts (≥3 components: social-emotional reciprocity; nonverbal communicative behaviours; developing/maintaining relationships)
Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood; ≥4 of 7: avoids occupational activities involving interpersonal contact due to fears of criticism; unwilling to get involved unless certain of being liked; shows restraint in intimate relationships due to fear of shame; preoccupied with being criticised/rejected; inhibited in new interpersonal situations; views self as socially inept/unappealing/inferior; unusually reluctant to take risks or engage in new activities
Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect, with marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 9: frantic efforts to avoid abandonment; unstable intense relationships; identity disturbance; impulsivity in ≥2 damaging areas; suicidal/self-mutilating behaviour; affective instability; chronic emptiness; inappropriate intense anger; transient stress-related paranoia/dissociation
Recurrent binge eating episodes (eating large amount in discrete period + sense of lack of control)
≥3 of 12 catatonia symptoms: stupor; catalepsy; waxy flexibility; mutism; negativism; posturing; mannerism; stereotypy; agitation; grimacing; echolalia; echopraxia
Persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption primarily due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between endogenous circadian rhythm and sleep-wake schedule
≥1 symptom of altered voluntary motor or sensory function
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value
Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness
Parkinsonian tremor, muscular rigidity, or akinesia developing in association with medication use (most commonly neuroleptic/antipsychotic or dopamine-depleting agent)
Fine tremor occurring during attempts to maintain a posture that has developed in association with use of a medication
Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 9: grandiose sense of self-importance; preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success/power/brilliance/beauty/love; believes he/she is special; requires excessive admiration; sense of entitlement; interpersonally exploitative; lacks empathy; envious of others or believes others are envious; arrogant
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Medication-induced movement symptoms causing clinically significant distress or impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a depressive disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a disruptive, impulse-control, or conduct disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a dissociative disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a feeding/eating disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a sexual dysfunction causing clinically significant distress
Symptoms characteristic of a trauma/stressor-related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a bipolar/related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Over ≥6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally ≤13 years)
Persistent personality disturbance representing a change from the individual's previous characteristic personality pattern
≥5 symptoms in final week before menses, improve within days of onset, become minimal/absent post-menses
Prominent hallucinations or delusions
Repeated regurgitation of food for ≥1 month; regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spat out
Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression, beginning by early adulthood; ≥4 of 7: neither desires nor enjoys close relationships; almost always chooses solitary activities; little/no interest in sexual experiences; few/no pleasurable activities; lacks close friends; appears indifferent to praise/criticism; shows emotional coldness/detachment/flat affect
Difficulties learning and using academic skills despite intervention; ≥1 of 6 symptoms for ≥6 months: inaccurate/slow word reading; difficulty decoding; poor spelling; difficulties with written expression; poor number sense; mathematical reasoning difficulties
Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
Involuntary athetoid or choreiform movements (lasting ≥4 weeks) of the tongue, jaw, trunk, or extremities that developed in association with use of a neuroleptic medication
Involuntary movements (tardive dystonia: sustained/repetitive muscle contractions; tardive akathisia: subjective restlessness + repetitive movements) developing in association with neuroleptic use, persisting ≥4 weeks
Recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in hair loss
Symptoms characteristic of a bipolar/related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours